Dredging Connecticut’s
Ports and Harbors:
 
A Case Study, Issues, and Recommendations

Norwalk Harbor Maintenance Dredging Project

A case study of complexities, problems, and impacts

 

Norwalk Harbor
View North

Norwalk Harbor
View from Head of Harbor looking South

Norwalk Harbor
“A Working Harbor”

    Barge deliveries

   Fuel oil

   Sand

   Rock

   Gravel

    Boat works

    Marine contractors

    Shellfish industry

“Timely maintenance dredging is necessary to keep Norwalk Harbor a vital center of water dependent commerce and recreation on Long Island Sound.”

 

Norwalk Harbor
Shoaling affects commercial navigation

Federal Maintenance Dredging:
A complex and uncertain process

 

The need to dredge Norwalk Harbor has reached a point of critical concern.

 

Planning for maintenance dredging has been ongoing for 8 years.

 

Norwalk Harbor Dredging
Bogged down in Bureaucracy”

 

Milestones of the Norwalk project

1980/81          Most recent maintenance dredging of Harbor

1996                 USACE conducts hydrographic survey of FNP (2/24/97)

1997                NHMC initiates dredge planning with USACE

1997/98                        NHMC assembles data required by USACE to dredge

1998                NHMC transmits report; makes formal request to dredge

April           USACE/US EPA agree to prepare EIS for disposal site designation

June/July     USACE prepares sampling/test plan of sediment

August        Collects samples for physical and chemical tests

1999                 USACE issues report on tests of dredged material

August        USACE prepares plan for biological testing

2000                 USACE collects samples for biological testing

May             Issues draft report of biological results

Sept                  Issues final report (determines unsuitability of some material;             extra cost of handling material within CAD cell shared by City)

Sept                        USACE conducts hydrographic survey of FNP (11/29/01)

 

 

Milestones of the Norwalk project

2001                 NHMC notifies City of need to cost sharing requirement

June            NHMC convenes 1st meeting of NH Dredging Team in Hartford

July                         USACE/EPA co-sign testing memo for CAD excavation

July             USACE prepares 2nd sampling plan for biological testing

August        NHMC meets with Congressman Shays to discuss funding

Aug/Sept     USACE prepares design of CAD cell

September   USACE  collects addition samples (8) for biological tests

November    USACE conducts biological tests

December    NHMC convenes 2nd meeting of NH Dredging Team in Hartford

2002                 USACE notifies NHMC of $200,000 cost share amount

January        Mayor requests Congressional support for funding

March          NHMC submits funding request to Congress for FY03

April                        USACE issues report on proposed CAD cell 

April           USACE submits application for DEP approval

August        USACE issues press release and public notice about dredging

August        EPA requests additional data to support CAD cell excavation

 

Milestones of the Norwalk project

2003                 NHMC convenes 3rd meeting of the NH Dredging Team

     March            NHMC submits funding request to Congress for FY04

     April              NHMC and USACE physically tour dredging sites in Harbor

     May              USACE shifts location of planned CAD cell and conducts additional testing

     May              USACE conducts hydrographic survey of FNP

     August          NHMC meets with USACE in Concord, Massachusetts

     August          USACE issues revised public notice of CAD cells

     October       NHMC attends EPA public hearing on LIS disposal sites

     December     NHMC attends 2nd EPA public hearing on disposal sites

 

Milestones of the Norwalk project

2004    January            DEP approves USACE dredging project and includes                             requirement of “cap”

        January      NHMC meets with USACE to discuss “cap” requirements

        February   CLIS disposal site closed to all Federal dredging projects

        February    NHMC convenes 4th meeting of NH Dredging Team

        March        NHMC submits funding request to Congress for FY05

        March        NHMC submits report on harbor economic value to USACE

        May           NHMC attends EPA public meeting on LIS disposal sites

        June         NY objects to EPA designation of dredged material                              disposal sites

        Aug/Nov    NHMC and USACE request DEP clarification of capping requirement; DEP determines “cap” volume

        December  NHMC convenes 5th meeting of NH Dredging Team

        December Connecticut Congressional delegation urges EPA to                             designate LIS disposal sites                     

 

Milestones of the Norwalk project

Norwalk Harbor Navigation Project

 

Outstanding issues
affecting the Norwalk project

 

  Uncertainties regarding Federal funding.

 

  Uncertainties regarding availability of  CLIS disposal site.

 

  Difficulties in meeting DEP’s “capping”       requirements.

 

Impacts of Dredging Inaction

      Economic

    Increased cost transferred to consumers caused by

    Switch from waterborne to highway transportation

    Inefficiency of water-dependent terminal operations

    Shippers forced to light load.

    Continued shoaling causes mounting operational impacts to water-dependent industry

    Increased highway maintenance costs (increased truck use)

      Environmental

    Reduced under-keel clearance (hull damage and spillage)

    Increased dependence on highway transportation (Diesel emissions)

      Public Safety

    Increased vehicle congestion on roads and highways

 

Quantities of Barged Material

Annual Number of Barges

1999 Data              2004 Data

42 Sand                 50 Sand

44 Crushed Stone    53 Crushed Stone

25 Fuel Oil             Suspended     

Annual number of Truck Loads

 

Materials Shipped
Truck vs. Barge Shipment

Barge                        Truck                       

 

 42                            5,300 trips Sand

 44                            4,986 trips Crushed Stone

 25                            4,000 trips Fuel Oil

111                           14,306  Total trips

  

2.13                          275 trips per week

Comparison of diesel fuel consumption
barge vs truck shipment

 

 

85,300 gallons consumed by tugs for barge transport

vs

208,293 gallons consumed by trucks

 

Critical Issues

     Lack of timely maintenance dredging of FNPs.

     Urgent need to dredge Norwalk and Bridgeport Harbors.

     Unreasonably complex planning process.

     Lack of State involvement in advancing planning process.

 

Critical Issues

     Disputes between CT and NY concerning dredged material disposal.

     CLIS currently “closed”.

     Lack of coastal management coordination between CT and NY.

     No DMMP.

 

Priority Recommendations

    Assign State agency and official to advance dredging process.

    Designate LIS disposal sites in coordination with DMMP.

    Complete DMMP for Port of Bridgeport.

    Convene meeting of LIS Congressional Caucus.

 

Priority Recommendations

    Identify feasible alternatives for disposal of dredged material.

    Utilize CT Coastal Management Program to advance dredging process.

    Coordinate CT and NY coastal management initiatives.